Let’s get started on our backend by first adding an API to create a note. This API will take the note object as the input and store it in the database with a new id. The note object will contain the content field (the content of the note) and an attachment field (the URL to the uploaded file).

Add the Function

Let’s add our first function.

Create a new file called create.js in our project root with the following.

import uuid from "uuid";
import AWS from "aws-sdk";

AWS.config.update({ region: "us-east-1" });
const dynamoDb = new AWS.DynamoDB.DocumentClient();

export function main(event, context, callback) {
  // Request body is passed in as a JSON encoded string in 'event.body'
  const data = JSON.parse(event.body);

  const params = {
    TableName: "notes",
    // 'Item' contains the attributes of the item to be created
    // - 'userId': user identities are federated through the
    //             Cognito Identity Pool, we will use the identity id
    //             as the user id of the authenticated user
    // - 'noteId': a unique uuid
    // - 'content': parsed from request body
    // - 'attachment': parsed from request body
    // - 'createdAt': current Unix timestamp
    Item: {
      userId: event.requestContext.identity.cognitoIdentityId,
      noteId: uuid.v1(),
      content: data.content,
      attachment: data.attachment,
      createdAt: Date.now()
    }
  };

  dynamoDb.put(params, (error, data) => {
    // Set response headers to enable CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)
    const headers = {
      "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
      "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials": true
    };

    // Return status code 500 on error
    if (error) {
      const response = {
        statusCode: 500,
        headers: headers,
        body: JSON.stringify({ status: false })
      };
      callback(null, response);
      return;
    }

    // Return status code 200 and the newly created item
    const response = {
      statusCode: 200,
      headers: headers,
      body: JSON.stringify(params.Item)
    };
    callback(null, response);
  });
}

There are some helpful comments in the code but we are doing a few simple things here.

  • We are setting the AWS JS SDK to use the region us-east-1 while connecting to DynamoDB.
  • Parse the input from the event.body. This represents the HTTP request parameters.
  • The userId is a Federated Identity id that comes in as a part of the request. This is set after our user has been authenticated via the User Pool. We are going to expand more on this in the coming chapters when we set up our Cognito Identity Pool.
  • Make a call to DynamoDB to put a new object with a generated noteId and the current date as the createdAt.
  • Upon success, return the newly created note object with the HTTP status code 200 and response headers to enable CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing).
  • And if the DynamoDB call fails then return an error with the HTTP status code 500.

Configure the API Endpoint

Now let’s define the API endpoint for our function.

Open the serverless.yml file and replace it with the following.

service: notes-app-api

# Use the serverless-webpack plugin to transpile ES6
plugins:
  - serverless-webpack
  - serverless-offline

# serverless-webpack configuration
# Enable auto-packing of external modules
custom:
  webpack:
    webpackConfig: ./webpack.config.js
    includeModules: true

provider:
  name: aws
  runtime: nodejs8.10
  stage: prod
  region: us-east-1

  # 'iamRoleStatements' defines the permission policy for the Lambda function.
  # In this case Lambda functions are granted with permissions to access DynamoDB.
  iamRoleStatements:
    - Effect: Allow
      Action:
        - dynamodb:DescribeTable
        - dynamodb:Query
        - dynamodb:Scan
        - dynamodb:GetItem
        - dynamodb:PutItem
        - dynamodb:UpdateItem
        - dynamodb:DeleteItem
      Resource: "arn:aws:dynamodb:us-east-1:*:*"

functions:
  # Defines an HTTP API endpoint that calls the main function in create.js
  # - path: url path is /notes
  # - method: POST request
  # - cors: enabled CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) for browser cross
  #     domain api call
  # - authorizer: authenticate using the AWS IAM role
  create:
    handler: create.main
    events:
      - http:
          path: notes
          method: post
          cors: true
          authorizer: aws_iam

Here we are adding our newly added create function to the configuration. We specify that it handles post requests at the /notes endpoint. This pattern of using a single Lambda function to respond to a single HTTP event is very much like the Microservices architecture. We discuss this and a few other patterns in the chapter on organizing Serverless Framework projects. We set CORS support to true. This is because our frontend is going to be served from a different domain. As the authorizer we are going to restrict access to our API based on the user’s IAM credentials. We will touch on this and how our User Pool works with this, in the Cognito Identity Pool chapter.

Test

Now we are ready to test our new API. To be able to test it on our local we are going to mock the input parameters.

In our project root, create a mocks/ directory.

$ mkdir mocks
$ cd mocks

Create a mocks/create-event.json file and add the following.

{
  "body": "{\"content\":\"hello world\",\"attachment\":\"hello.jpg\"}",
  "requestContext": {
    "identity": {
      "cognitoIdentityId": "USER-SUB-1234"
    }
  }
}

You might have noticed that the body and requestContext fields are the ones we used in our create function. In this case the cognitoIdentityId field is just a string we are going to use as our userId. We can use any string here; just make sure to use the same one when we test our other functions.

And to invoke our function we run the following in the root directory.

$ serverless invoke local --function create --path mocks/create-event.json

If you have multiple profiles for your AWS SDK credentials, you will need to explicitly pick one. Use the following command instead:

$ AWS_PROFILE=myProfile serverless invoke local --function create --path mocks/create-event.json

Where myProfile is the name of the AWS profile you want to use. If you need more info on how to work with AWS profiles in Serverless, refer to our Configure multiple AWS profiles chapter.

The response should look similar to this.

{
  statusCode: 200,
  headers: {
    'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*',
    'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': true
  },
  body: '{"userId":"USER-SUB-1234","noteId":"578eb840-f70f-11e6-9d1a-1359b3b22944","content":"hello world","attachment":"hello.jpg","createdAt":1487800950620}'
}

Make a note of the noteId in the response. We are going to use this newly created note in the next chapter.

Refactor Our Code

Before we move on to the next chapter, let’s quickly refactor the code since we are going to be doing much of the same for all of our APIs.

In our project root, create a libs/ directory.

$ mkdir libs
$ cd libs

And create a libs/response-lib.js file.

export function success(body) {
  return buildResponse(200, body);
}

export function failure(body) {
  return buildResponse(500, body);
}

function buildResponse(statusCode, body) {
  return {
    statusCode: statusCode,
    headers: {
      "Access-Control-Allow-Origin": "*",
      "Access-Control-Allow-Credentials": true
    },
    body: JSON.stringify(body)
  };
}

This will manage building the response objects for both success and failure cases with the proper HTTP status code and headers.

Again inside libs/, create a dynamodb-lib.js file.

import AWS from "aws-sdk";

AWS.config.update({ region: "us-east-1" });

export function call(action, params) {
  const dynamoDb = new AWS.DynamoDB.DocumentClient();

  return dynamoDb[action](params).promise();
}

Here we are using the promise form of the DynamoDB methods. Promises are a method for managing asynchronous code that serve as an alternative to the standard callback function syntax. It will make our code a lot easier to read.

Now, we’ll go back to our create.js and use the helper functions we created. Replace our create.js with the following.

import uuid from "uuid";
import * as dynamoDbLib from "./libs/dynamodb-lib";
import { success, failure } from "./libs/response-lib";

export async function main(event, context, callback) {
  const data = JSON.parse(event.body);
  const params = {
    TableName: "notes",
    Item: {
      userId: event.requestContext.identity.cognitoIdentityId,
      noteId: uuid.v1(),
      content: data.content,
      attachment: data.attachment,
      createdAt: Date.now()
    }
  };

  try {
    await dynamoDbLib.call("put", params);
    callback(null, success(params.Item));
  } catch (e) {
    callback(null, failure({ status: false }));
  }
}

Next, we are going to write the API to get a note given its id.

Common Issues

  • Response statusCode: 500

    If you see a statusCode: 500 response when you invoke your function, here is how to debug it. The error is generated by our code in the catch block. Adding a console.log like so, should give you a clue about what the issue is.

    catch(e) {
  console.log(e);
  callback(null, failure({status: false}));
}